Modern digital audio workstations offer a plethora of ways to solve your mixing and routing problems. Inspired somewhat by Craig Anderton’s latest column in Sound on Sound, I discovered a new way to apply reverb selectively to multiple tracks, in Cakewalk By BandLab using the Sonitus Reverb VST. Here’s my use case:

I have Lead and Backing vocal tracks, and I want to apply a long-tail reverb to portions of the verse and chorus phrases. (The main sustained notes provide a wash of reverb in the background, but keeping it clean and un-muddled by fricatives and fast syllables.)

In the past I have created a “VOX FX” Buss, put an instance of Sonitus Reverb on it, and directed it to feed the “VOX” main buss. Finally, I add a Send on each vocal track to feed the VOX FX, and use “Send Level” automation on each track:

This works well, and allows the automation curves to be adjusted per-track.

But what if you have more than two tracks, and per-track envelopes isn’t needed? Could there be a way to send audio to the reverb using a single automation curve? I experimented with using an Aux track, intending to add a send on each vocal track to the Aux track, then use the “Automated Send To FX Buss” trick described above.

However, I realized that I could simplify things by putting the reverb effect on the Aux track itself, and then automating the “VST Input Level” instead:

From the Edit Filter selector (displaying “Clips” by default) we can drill down into the Sonitus Reverb and select “Input” from the automation choices:

Now we can draw the automation envelope (only one is needed) to control the amount of audio from all tracks being processed by the reverb:

This gets the job done, and no need for a general purpose fx buss.

As I mentioned above, there are good reasons NOT to do it this way – but it is nice to have the option.

So much for keeping a regular Studio Diary… where did the time go?

In my defense I will say that the 2019 brought a long-awaited, real-world landscaping project into being, and that has taken a lot of attention.

On the other hand, since the last update I have completed two new tracks:

“The Toks Invade Bogland” was finished up last year and sounds pretty good. I’ve moved on to the song sequence titled “The God Program” and just finished up the first piece in the sequence, a solo piano overture of sorts, called “The Cathedral of Hosts”.

I really wanted to be able to perform the piano part right through from beginning to end, and to record a complete single take, and I almost did it. The truth is that I did end up tweaking a few bum notes (bad velocity). This took a lot of practice!

This quiet, contemplative track contains many musical themes and motifs that are expanded on in later sections of the song sequence:

The first sound you hear is the Roland VK8 keyboard, a “virtual clonewheel” that emulates a hammond organ. I’m using a shimmery patch as a background pad.

The piano is Modartt’s Pianoteq 4, using the “D4” model. The latest version of Pianoteq is actually 6, but they’ve tweaked the piano model and replaced it with a Steinway-endorsed “Steinway D” model. I tried using the more recent versions and ended up going back to version 4, which for some reason has a nicer character for this track.

At about 1:30 you can hear the FingerFiddle IOS app with which I perform the strings (violin and cello). This is a very cool app that requires a fair amount of practice to sound decent, almost like a “real” instrument.

At 1:55 there are some “Ahhh” vocals padding out the sound, and shortly after that a Marimba that is actually a combination of another instance of Modartt Pianoteq (version 6 this time) doubled with Native Instruments’ FM8 for extra DX7-ish bite.

The new DAW is running well. Cakewalk by Bandlab, the re-branded Digital Audio Workstation software formerly known as “SONAR” is probably the most stable it has ever been, with regular updates that focus on bug fixes rather than new features, although there are some of those as well.

Recommended, as ever.

Next: taking the demo of “Enlightenment”, the second part of God Program, and turning it into a finished track.

Onward!

I can’t remember exactly when I purchased my Korg EX-8000, but based on archival recordings, it must have been around 1991. It made the trip across the Pacific from New Zealand back in 1999, and it has been in storage for roughly the last decade, along with other items of equipment that I don’t have room for in my tiny studio.

At this point, I’ve decided that someone else should be enjoying this 8-voice DCO synthesizer with analog resonant filters of goodness, and I should find another home for it.

Before I can do that, I have to make sure everything is still in working order.

In the case of synthesizer keyboards and modules, providing the item has been stored correctly in a cool and dry location (which of course is the case here), then the most likely problem will be that the patch and configuration memory storage has been lost due to the internal battery running out of charge.

Indeed, this was exactly the case. Upon plugging the EX-8000 into my Philmore ST-1000 heavy duty step-up power transformer, 220V output, I discover that no sound can be produced from pressing the keys on a connected MIDI keyboard, but that pushing the “A4” button on the front panel will produce a “tick”. Reviewing the parameter values, clearly we have a corrupted memory because some of the values don’t make sense, although spinning the value editor dial will soon bring them back into line.

With some tweaking I can turn the “click” into a siren or “bloop”. Progress! All 8 oscillators appear to be in good shape, providing I can restore the memory.

Alas, upon bouncing the power on the unit, all my parameter edits have been lost. The backup battery is almost certainly the culprit. Time to open her up!

Replacing the battery

1. Remove the rack-mount ears

2. Remove 6 screws holding the cover in place (2 each side, and at the back)

Apart from the power supply and the I/O boards, the two main boards of the synth are in a sandwich configuration. You can remove 3 screws and swing them up on a kind of plastic hinge:

You need to do this to access the battery, plum in the middle of the underside. I use a ruler to carefully prop the boards upright.

I could see some green crusty stuff around the battery which isn’t a good sign.

Okay, now the bad news here is that the CR-2032 battery is actually soldered directly into the PCB via a little bracket. You can’t just pop the battery out and replace it. The only sane option here is to remove the lower PCB from the chassis and replace the battery+bracket with a true low-profile socket.

Fortunately, this is not too difficult. I recommend taking a lot of pictures of the cables and connectors to make sure you know how they are laid out and connected.

3. Unplug all cables from the board

4. Unscrew the four screws at each corner holding the PCB to the metal brackets

WARNING: The two orange pin arrays on the bottom right are soldered directly in, they are not plugs!

Instead, you need to trace them to the other end, around the other side of the sandwich, and unplug the other end from the “top” board.

Then you should be able to remove the board from the unit:

Replacing the corroded battery and bracket is very easy if you’re handy with a soldering iron and a solder-sucker. The socket I used didn’t quite line up with the vacated holes in the PCB, but a little wire lead and some silicone caulk (and some heat-shrink) yielded a nice result:

After a new CR-2032 battery is inserted into the socket, and the board mounted safely back in the case with the leads re-attached (refer to those pictures you took!), and a quick test proves that any parameter change I make is retained during a power cycle. Hooray!

Restoring the default patches

Fortunately, other folks have done the hard work on finding the patches, and restoring them turns out to be more-or-less straightforward.

There’s two ways to restore patches:

• Play a .WAV file into the tape FROM port on the unit
• Use a SYSEX loader to load the patches in via MIDI

Tons of good information here:

• https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=606314
• http://www.dw8000.com/downloads.html
• https://www.pallium.com/bryan/dw8000.php
• https://www.pallium.com/bryan/dwpatches.php

After some initial trouble of getting levels set correctly, I succeeded using the .WAV file following this process:

• Email the .wav file to myself as an attachment
• Open the email on my iPhone
• open the attachment
• connect iPhone to the TAPE FROM socket using a normal stereo 3.5 mm jack lead
• set my iPhone playback (headphone) volume to MAX
• switch the EX8000 FROM TAPE level switch to LOW
• switch the EX8000 TAPE switch to ENABLE
• press LOAD
• tap the iPhone to start playback of the .WAV file

After some flashing, the bank numeric indicator cycled through the banks, and the LED display said GOOD. Success! Those patches sound great.

Switching power supply from 230V (New Zealand) to 120V (US)

The final step in getting the Korg EX-8000 ready to leave the studio is to convert it to use a 120V mains supply voltage. When I started this process, I figured I’d need to replace the mains power  transformer but, no, it’s way easier than that! The transformer already handles multiple voltages. From the service manual:

Yeah, that ‘former has multiple taps on the primary side. In real-life:

Although you can’t see it in this image, the terminals are actually labelled with the numerical identifiers. On my unit, the mains leads (black+yellow) deliver voltage to terminals 1 and 6. According to the schematic, that matches a 240V supply, which is best match for the NZ mains voltage of 230 V.

The schematic offers both 117V and 100V terminals (3 and 4) and suggests that terminal 4 should be used by default – It would be nice to think that the Service Manual is assuming a US standard mains supply, but that’s probably not a good assumption. The Service Manual says “Tokyo/Japan” on the front page, and Mains Voltage in Japan is 100V.

In the US, it’s 120V, although it used to be 117V. Terminal 3 seems like a better choice.

The PSU board has three connectors – CN2A, CN3A and CN4A – which I disconnected to protect the rest of the unit from any screw-ups in voltage changes.

Then I tested the voltages coming out of the transformer and measured 10 VAC from Black to each of the Red wires.

On CN3A I measured 5 and 10 VDC from the center pin to each of the outer pins. That’s our baseline, our known “good” values using the 220V mains supply.

The CN3A lead indeed does go to board KLM-662, and according to the schematic, should be supplying 0, –5, and +5 V on pins 1, 2, and 3. (See above).

So, that matches my observations (-5 : 0 is +5; and –5 : +5 is +10).

At this point I performed some soldering: Moving the black lead from pin 1 to pin 3 on the primary side of the transformer; and also replacing the mains socket from the proprietary 2-pin KS-17 to a more common IEC standard appliance socket.

See: http://www.dw8000.com/projects.html

Once that is done, it was time to plug into the regular US mains and re-test those voltage readings. Excellent, all looked the same as before. Could it be this easy?

Apparently, yes. I’ll run it for a while on 120V in my studio, and see if anything blows up. Either I’ll fall back in love with this sound module, or I’ll see about putting it on CraigsList or something.

In which we upgrade our DAW and experiment with PCIe-PCI adapter cards.

ROSSINI has four internal hard drives:

• C: (SSD 256G) OS and applications
• D: (SSD 256G) audio projects
• E: (HD 1TB) backups, rips, temp
• H: (HD 600G), mp3 library; leftover stuff from the last DAW migration 8 years ago

Every time I upgrade my DAW I end up with a new primary OS drive and then I move over the drives from the older machine. ROSSINI was the third generation, and only some of the drives are transitioning to VIVALDI. E: and H: still have gobs of free space.

VIVALDI has a 512 GB SSD as the primary drive (it's a tiny thing mounted directly on the motherboard!) and room for three additional full-size drives.

First up, some file management to back up the contents of D: to H: and also put everything I'll need (installers, product keys, license files, sound libraries) on E:.

Then, D: and E: transferred cleanly into the new chassis:

I also upgrade the power supply, replacing the no-brand Dell 450W unit with a brand new SMART 600W from Thermaltake. I purchased this from PC Plus in town. Support your local retailers, guys.

(I always upgrade the PSU in my DAW computers, but this time I had an additional reason that I'll get to later.)

There's a free bay on the bottom left, but I'll keep C: and H: in ROSSINI for now to serve as a backup machine for now, and eventually as a perfectly serviceable general-purpose PC. (The 4-core i7-920 is no slouch, really, and it has 16 GB RAM.)

Next Step: Powering up; cleaning up the Windows 10 Pro default installation (I can't believe the number of options you have to disable to make it bearable); and installing my suite of audio applications, VSTs, and libraries.

That took about a full day.

Now it's time to see how the Focusrite 6i6 USB 2.0 audio interface performs (see previous post for details of testing in ROSSINI):

Computer: VIVALDI
Interface: Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 USB2.0
 

Buffer Size  ASIO Reported RTL      Measured RTL
-----------  ---------------------  ------------
     256      25.5 ms  1102 samples    0.037 sec
     128      13.1 ms   578 samples    0.020 sec
      64       8.2 ms   362 samples    0.013 sec

The RTL latency tested out exactly the same as ROSSINI! I was expecting better performance but it seems that RTL is not affected by processor speed or core count.

However, if you recall, playback of a large project on ROSSINI at 256 did result in clicks and pops. On VIVALDI, the same project played back smoothly at 128 but started clicking at 64.

Bottom line: It appears I could use the external USB 2.0 Focusrite 6i6 on VIVALDI and get almost the same RTL performance as the ECHO Layla 3G internal PCI card on ROSSINI. I'd call it acceptable.

But we're not done yet. A few days earlier, a timely post from John Kenn on the Cakewalk SONAR Hardware forum suggested an interesting alternative: using a PCIe -> PCI adapter card. Perhaps we could use the ECHO Layla in VIVALDI after all?

Checking the specs on the Layla PCI card: it's a half-height/low profile universal voltage PCI card (3.3V/5V).

Worth experimenting with, I think. Ahead of time, I ordered this PCI Express to PCI Adapter Card from StarTech.com for $60, and it arrived just before VIVALDI was shipped:

One catch: I needed a spare molex power connector to supply additional voltage to the adapter card. The generic PSU in the new XPS 8930 did not have any molex leads!

No problem. I was going to upgrade the PSU anyway, I'd just make sure I got one with standard molex as well as the usual MB, FAN, and SATA connectors. The SMART 600W from Thermaltake fit the requirements.

The adaptor card fit snugly into a spare PCIe x4 slot on the motherboard:

It's sufficiently distant from the GPU fan that I don't think there'll be an issue there. (I don't plan to drive the GPU too hard anyway).

The ECHO PCI card piggy-backs on to the adapter card without trouble:

In the picture above it looks as though the PCI card is having trouble sitting firmly in the PCI socket, but that's on me - when I took the photo I hadn't firmly located the two cards together. It's tight, but they mate well together without using excessive force.

In fact, I recommend connecting the two cards together outside the chassis and then inserting them as one unit into the PCIe slot.  Just for kicks, I'll show you the result:

Yeah, that's not going to work as-is. The full-size back plate on the ECHO PCI card is going to have to be modified, or...

The solution is to remove the back-plate from the PCI card, and swap the back-plate on the adapter card with an alternative one that ships with it:

Without a back-plate of its own, the PCI card has more movement than I'm comfortable with, but luckily there's a lip on the alternative back-plate that the card can rest against, and a convenient hole in the card that I could use to hold the PCI card in place using a little bolt with washers on either side.

Nice, just like a bought one.

Final assembly:

Not bad.

Power up; install ECHO drivers (they still work well in Windows 10 despite only being certified for Windows 7).

Works perfectly. Measurements are IDENTICAL to ROSSINI:

Computer: VIVALDI
Interface: ECHO Layla 3G PCI via PCIe adapter
 
Buffer Size  ASIO Reported RTL      Measured RTL
-----------  ---------------------  ------------
     256      13.7 ms   602 samples    0.015 sec
     128       7.8 ms   346 samples    0.010 sec
      64       4.9 ms   218 samples    0.007 sec

That's fantastic. Thanks John Kenn for the suggestion to investigate PCIe-PCI adapters. Apparently they work.

This little piggy, thinks he deserves an(other) upgrade. - The Prodigal Sounds, "The God Program"

"VIVALDI" is the name I have given to my new Dell XPS 8930 tower. It's a i7-8700 6-core processor with 32 GB RAM because, why not.

It replaces - or will replace - "ROSSINI" which is a Dell Studio XPS 9000, with an i7-920 4-core 8 GB RAM (recently upgraded to 16 GB).

Long-time readers will be experiencing deja vu at this point.

PCI or USB? Or Firewire?

ROSSINI has been super-stable for me over the last 8 years with a PCI-buss audio interface from ECHO, the Layla 3G. 8 inputs, 8 outputs, SPDIF I/O and MIDI... it's the perfect interface for me.  Ideally, I'd just move the audio card over to the new computer, along with the hard drives.

However, the new boy does not have a PCI card slot. (Good luck finding a modern motherboard that has one!) It only has PCIe, which are smaller and not plug-compatible with the older standard.

I could go on a rant here about how it's been a long, long time since computer hardware companies gave a damn about backward-compatibility... but nobody's got time for that.

I was prepared to say goodbye to my beloved Layla, if only I could find an alternative that worked. Not being able to afford a PCIe based interface from RME, I decided to experiment. USB 2.0-based audio interfaces are super-popular right now, because they are relatively cheap, and computers have become fast enough to handle the overhead of pushing the bits around.

I found a good price on a mid-range USB 2.0 device, the Focusrite Scarlett 6i6, 2nd Gen. They've had pretty good reviews, but I still didn't really have an understanding of the relative real-world performance between modern USB-based and PCI/PCIe interfaces.

"Performance" can mean several things in the context of digital audio interfaces:

• digital-to-analog conversation accuracy
• signal-to-noise ratios (noise or hiss generated in the analog circuitry)
• data transfer latency (how fast can you get audio in and out of the computer?)

DAC quality is probably the least of our problems, it's kind of a solved problem at any reasonable level of affordability.

S/N ratios are interesting because you definitely get what you pay for, especially when amplifying low input levels (such as required of microphone pre-amplifiers). That's why you'll see advertising blurbs talk about how "best in class" the mic-pres are on interfaces that offer such features, but no-one really cares about the DACs.

For my purposes, the ECHO Layla's two microphone inputs have done me just fine, and this is from an interface that was introduced back in a time when having any mic pres  at all was a big deal, let alone who designed them or what the specs were.

I'm really only interested in measuring and comparing the total "round-trip" latency (RTL) of the interface: How much of a delay is introduced by the analog input and output circuits; the Digital to Analog conversion stage, and how the bits are pushed through the buss, in and out of the CPU and hard disks?

There's more than one way to skin this particular cat (ASIO? WASAPI? WDM?) , so to keep things manageable, I'm comparing two ASIO interfaces, and just varying the buffer size to see what we get. (smaller buffer size = shorter delay; larger buffer size = longer delay but more stability)

Before I took ROSSINI apart, I took some measurements. The ASIO driver can report the latency to the audio software but you can also measure it by feeding an output of the interface back into an input; recording a transient (i.e. a snare hit) and then measuring the delay between the original audio clip and the resulting recording. By swiping in the time-line in SONAR/Cakewalk,  I can read off a measurement in seconds:

Results:

Computer: ROSSINI
Interface: ECHO Layla 3G PCI

Buffer Size  ASIO Reported RTL      Measured RTL
-----------  ---------------------  ------------
     256      13.7 ms   602 samples    0.015 sec
     128       7.8 ms   346 samples    0.010 sec
      64       4.9 ms   218 samples    0.007 sec


Interface: Focusrite Scarlett 6i6 USB2.0

Buffer Size  ASIO Reported RTL      Measured RTL
-----------  ---------------------  ------------
     256      25.5 ms  1102 samples    0.037 sec
     128      13.1 ms   578 samples    0.020 sec
      64       8.2 ms   362 samples    0.013 sec

Some observations:

• The measured RTL delay is slightly more than what the ASIO driver is reporting;
• It takes the USB-based 6i6 roughly twice as long to push audio data around the loop than the PCI-based Layla3G.

Conclusions:

• Perhaps there's another layer of processing outside of what the driver can measure. Disk read/write?
• 11 ms is right around the point at which the delay is imperceptible to humans, and in order to get that on the Focusrite 6i6 I would have to reduce the buffer size down to an unstable level.

A less scientific test was next: I tried loading up one of my projects and playing back through the Focusrite 6i6. Even at a buffer size of 256 , I was getting a regular click or stutter every 8 seconds or so. However I have to acknowledge the caveat that this was not a normal configuration - i was reading the project data from a different location than normal:  H: drive is spinning-metal hard drive and not my usual D: SSD audio drive. So I am not drawing any conclusions from that test. It would have been nice if it had played back flawlessly under those conditions, though, wouldn't it?

Next step is to see how the USB-based interface performs in the new DAW, with substantially more CPU power available to it. My understanding is that a higher-powered CPU will affect the performance of a USB-based interface more than a PCI- or PCIe-based one, due to the different amount of work performed in software for USB vs. the PCI architecture.

It’s definitely time I posted something here. Many things have been happening.

“You will be… upgraded”

Windows 1803 forced its way on to my audio workstation, like a door-to-door Cyberman, despite my best efforts to avoid it. The only side-effect I’ve noticed has been that my computer can no longer come out of “sleep mode”. This is very annoying, and I’m not the only one to have the problem.

It is possible that the update is not 100% compatible with the BIOS on my now 8-year old unsupported Dell Studio XPS 9000 tower. That seems to be the consensus.

I can live with a computer with insomnia. It boots in 30 seconds, and I usually ensured that all apps are closed before putting it to sleep anyway, so it’s hard to get too annoyed about this.

Speaking of upgrades

I’ve been working on the next album. In this age of Pandora and Spotify, the idea of releasing an “album of songs” might be considered passé , with the caveat that, if it is released on vinyl, then you get a pass for being a neo-hipster, or something.

I’m not sure if I’m working towards a physical CD or not, but as a firm believer in pretentious  “concept albums”, I am planning a collection of songs, some of which have a common theme.

That theme is “upgrades will fuck you up”. My experience described above is just another data point in a very busy scatter plot.

For several years the working title for this new album has been “Other Points of View” but I think that will change. I have something in mind but I will let it percolate before committing.

This month (actually last month but I’m running late) I came up with an idea for a short song to open the album. It’s a five-voice chorale that, I admit, is somewhat inspired by the opening track on Rick Wakeman’s No Earthly Connection but I think it is its own thing. Call it an homage at most.

I had a couple of weeks away from work this month, and furiously worked out the harmonies and sang the parts and I’m currently finalizing the production.

The idea is for the 30 second track to start out like an old-timey wax recording and gradually progress to pristine digital stereo, thus manifesting the “upgrade” concept. However If I don’t like the results, I’ll just go for a clean 44.1/24 production straight through.

Tik Tok, Tik Tok… The cycle renews

“Kill your darlings”. Who said this? It’s not just good advice for aspiring writers, whomever said it first.

The other track I’ve been working on this month has had a more tortuous history than most. I’ve tried to produce it “for reals” at least four times prior to this, but for whatever reason, I’ve never succeeded in completing it. I’m not sure why. It dates back to 2002 which actually makes it one of my recent projects. Yeah, laugh.

When I took stock of where this project was at, I found numerous project folders, in numerous locations, all in various degrees of completeness. Each of them substantially different in content and each contained some really nice ideas and arrangements. Some had vocals; others did not, but had good instrumentation or solos or other things.

In 2012 my brother visited from New Zealand and I had optimistic thoughts of having him laying down some keyboard tracks – it’d be just like old times!

Alas, that’s a Big Ask, and although we had some fun for an afternoon, it ended up stalling that version of the project because I wanted to keep as much of Walter’s contributions as possible, and it didn’t really work out.

I collated the various project files under a common parent and took stock:

Then I worked through each project, taking notes on what was working in each one. There is no way everything could be included in a final project. I began to appreciate again why it has been so hard to work on this project and how I got to this point.

Too many good ideas. Some of them have to be jettisoned. I have to “kill my darlings”, even though they are special.

And perhaps this can only be done after we’ve gained some perspective. At this point I have confidence that pruning down a composition can actually produce a better final result; and also I’m confident that deleting a “really cool section with great instrumentation and performances” doesn’t mean that I won’t come up with something just as good or better in the future.

So I took the version of the project from 2015 and viciously pruned it back, keeping the drums and some guitar. Then, after listening to the very earliest versions from 2003, I identified what made them sound good  - it was a really crunchy bass sound.

So I re-recorded the bass, this time foregoing pride of finger picking, and used a pick and the neck pickup to get a kind of John Wetton-y thing. (Rabbit hole alert. This is good too. Arghh.)

Then I went back to 2012 and salvaged the “hammond” and rhodes… figured out what they were playing and re-recorded them.

OK now we’re cooking. The awesome synth solo on the 2010 project is worth keeping but let’s see if we can use the Novation PEAK for it instead because the Roland Fantom is packed away in the garage and, oh, using a different instrument means that we need to perform it differently… it’s still good. Better.

Seeing as I had the microphone out I’ve been working out harmony vocals and re-recording them as well.

At this point, I have to transfer the new vocal tracks from my temporary tracking project into the 2018 version, then finish up lead guitar… and we may have a winner.

After years of threatening to invade, and then backing off…. the Toks may have actually Invaded.

The invention of a new piece, enabled their construction
A genetic constitution was figured out
Tools could be mounted: diversity of function
Advantage evolution: opposable snout

- The Toks Invade Bogland

After videoing the process of recording a bass track using the Chapman Stick,  as an experiment I did the same for the next couple of tasks: Replacing the previous organ track with a one-take performance on the Roland VK-8; and replacing the lead synth track with a performance using the Novation PEAK synthesizer.

In both cases I'm replacing a virtual instrument (VST Plugin) with a real, live, instrument performance, although I admit the distinction is a bit fuzzy and arbitrary. Whatever.

Why stop there? Indeed. So I re-recorded some guitar tracks just for fun. Now we have enough material to make an interesting (?) video. Also, an opportunity to get more into the KdenLive video editing application.

Problem #1 is getting everything in sync.

Problem #2 is deciding how to put the thing together. There are a lot of possible solutions, with varying degrees of "feels right". I ended up with this:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ggS9ilYbPuo

This post has nothing to do with new versions of Windows 10, except perhaps for the delay in getting it published. I don't know what the story is with 1803 or 1804 or whatever it turns out to be, but I'm sure Microsoft are working hard to prepare it for release.

I'm also sure it will be packed with features that I, as a "Creator", don't give a sh*t about. Just like the last "Creator" release.

So, what's new this month? Quite a bit, actually:

• I installed Reaper 5.77 and watched most of Kenny Gioia's video tutorials;
• I migrated one of my "works in progress" from SONAR into a Reaper project.

This was actually pretty straight-forward, considering. Creating the empty project in Reaper was trivial - all the VST instruments and effects are available, and I haven't used very many plugins that are locked to SONAR-only.

The MIDI data can be exported as a MIDI Type 1 file, which keeps the tracks distinct and retains the time offset of each clip. Be warned, however, that muted clips will be exported as unmuted. So there is some preparation required of separating the tracks so that muted and un-muted are on different tracks.

Then, you can open a .mid file in Reaper in a separate project tab, and select all clips in a track and paste them into the new project, positioning the paste point at the start of the timeline.

.WAV data is migrated differently, using SONAR's export as Broadcast Wave feature. Again, muted clips need some special handling if you want to retain them, because they will be exported as silent (empty) clips.

I plan to continue working on this project in Reaper and see how it goes.

What else happened?

• BandLab acquired Cakewalk's SONAR-related IP from Gibson;
• BandLab released the 64-bit core of SONAR Platinum as a free download to BandLab users.

Uh, okay. I'll be honest and say, up until this moment, I'd never heard of BandLab. They seem to be some kind of cloud-based music collaboration outfit. But apparently their pockets are big enough to allow them to expand their market and include a "real" digital audio workstation in their product range.

Releasing it as a free download for registered users? That's... quite cool.

So:

• I created a BandLab account;
• Installed the BandLab Assistant;
• Downloaded and installed the new "Cakewalk By BandLab" DAW.

It just worked. After tweaking some of the VST search paths, that is. Any project I chose to load up, opened without errors and played back correctly. However, it was about this time I realized it was 64-bit only.

Up until now I've been using the 32-bit version of SONAR, exclusively. All my VST plugins were 32-bit and things just worked, so I left it that way. If I was going to go ahead with Cakewalk By BandLab (from now on I'll just call it Cakewalk), I would have to do a little work. 32-bit plugins are loaded and used, but there's a translation layer involved that, ideally, I didn't want to use.

• I installed SONAR Platinum x64, including the bundled VST plugins, ensuring to check the [x] 64 bit box instead of the [ ] 32-bit one.
• I opened the Plugin Browser in Cakewalk and made a note of all the 32-bit plugins, categorizing them as "installed but never use" and "installed and definitely used"
• I re-installed all the "definitely used" plugins and selected the 64-bit version where possible
• I removed all obsolete 32-bit VST files into a "retired" directory so that they would no longer be detected by the DAW

This left me with a pretty small list of 32-bit VST plugins that I've used historically and wish to keep on hand :

Instruments:

• Taurus (these days I have a patch on the Novation PEAK...)
• 4Front Rhodes (still has a nice compressed tone, I could replace but it sounds good as-is)
• esLine String (I will replace this with the Arturia Solina V probably)
• MinimogueVA (these days I have a patch on the Novation PEAK...)

Effects:

• VC-64 Vintage Channel Compressor (I can replace this eventually)
• LFX-1310 (Used for "vintage radio voice" and I could replace it eventually)
• Amplitude 3 (just in case I've used it on a Bass track)
• Glimmerverb (a really really nice shimmer reverb, could replace but hard to duplicate)

With the 64-bit upgrade process completed, it's back to business as usual. I'll stick with Cakewalk for most projects, for now, but I'll continue using Reaper for that one project, just to see how it goes.

I have a back-log of tasks to work through, and first up is re-recording some solo synth lines in "Listen", using the Novation PEAK hardware synthesizer, which is awesome.

Kenny Gioia may be one of the primary reasons the Reaper Digital Audio Workstation (DAW) is so popular. For any specific feature you can name, there is apparently a YouTube video by Kenny that demonstrates and explains it. He has. An odd way. Of speaking. That is disconcerting at first. But after a while, you get used to it, and I find it very easy to absorb the information Kenny is relating.

For my own benefit, I'm going to keep an index of videos I've found useful when researching how to map a specific SONAR feature to Reaper's functionality. At least, that was my intention when I started.

Master Bus, and Track vs. Buss in general:

• The Master track in Reaper
• Folders vs. Busses vs. Groups vs. VCAs in Reaper

Track Folders:

• Reaper 5 Explained - 11. Folders

Routing:

• Reaper 5 Explained - 9. The Sends
• Multi Channel Routing and MIDI tracks in Reaper
• Creating FX Sends and Returns in Reaper

Working with external MIDI sound modules:

• External Keyboard or Synth in Reaper (except this isn't working for me yet!)
• Update: It *does* work but I have no idea what I did. Maybe the input monitor button was involved? Must research further.

Arrangement, Markers, and Time-base Rulers

• REAPER 5 Explained - 19. Markers & Regions
• Colors in Reaper (Default 5 theme)

Automation:

• Reaper 5 Explained - 23. Envelopes and Automation

Time signature changes:

• Time signature changes in Reaper

Take management, and comping:

• Reaper 5 Explained - 16. Takes and Comping
• Exploding and Imploding Takes in Reaper

Customizing the editing experience:

• The Smart Tool in Reaper
• Customizing the Toolbars in Reaper

Vocals:

• Tuning Vocals with ReaTune in Reaper
• De-Essing vocals in Reaper
• ReaVocode or Vocoder in Reaper

Driving a multi-timbral VSTi with multiple tracks (e.g. Split tracks for drums)

• Multi Channel Routing and MIDI tracks in Reaper
• Recording MIDI Drums to Separate Tracks in REAPER

"Fit to improvisation":

• Tempo Mapping in Reaper

Drum Maps:

• Re-mapping MIDI notes - Drum pads in Reaper

Groove clips and time-stretching:

• Copy Loop of selected area of items in Reaper

Export to WAV (rendering a mix):

• Rendering in Reaper - Creating a Master Mix

MIDI Editing

• Working with multiple MIDI items in Reaper (not Kenny but still good)

Noise reduction:

• Removing Background Noise in Reaper (ReaFIR)

I should probably stop adding things to this list, because after a while it's just going to look like the complete index of Kenny's videos on his site, here.

I’m having some difficulty making progress compositionally on a couple of new pieces, so I decided it was time to go back to some mostly-recorded works and see what needed to be done to get them ship-shape for album #2.

I should probably document my manifesto for album #2, but one of the tenets is to go back to the first demos for each piece, and respect the original instrumentation, if it makes sense to do so.

For the piece currently known as “Listen”, the bass riffs were developed shortly after I acquired my Chapman Stick, and certainly the early demos all featured it. So why, I have to ask, does my current work-in-progress project use a regular bass instead?

So I take out the Stick case from the back of the closet, and give it a good cleaning and a new set of strings (standard 10-string tuning). Usually I spend a long time trying to find the perfect recorded tone, but this time it came together pretty quickly (see below).

Another tenet in my manifesto is to avoid building up tracks by stitching together multiple takes. I’m not normally a “one-take” kind of guy, so this means, practice. And in the case of the Chapman Stick, which I hadn’t seriously played for a couple of years at least, lots of practice.

Finally, I think I got it down. In one take.

Here’s a little video I made while (re)recording the bass:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mB38yCU6D0

The backing track is not final; it’s a special mix that keeps things simple and un-distracting.

Now, with respect to that tone, here’s how it is achieved in the DAW:

I’m recording a mono track (#6 in the picture) direct into computer’s audio interface via a Dual Channel PRO ST Preamp, to buffer and merge the two channels from the Stick into a single mono signal.

This mono signal is then routed in-the-box to an Aux Track “Stick FX” that contains an instance of Guitar Rig 4 virtual amplifier. A pre-FX Send duplicates the signal to a second Aux Track that allows me to mix in some of the clean, un-effected sound of the Stick.